Surgical procedure
Take phacoemulsification lens extraction + intraocular lens implantation as an example:
After retrobulbar anesthesia, 2.5 mL of 2% lidocaine was injected. Routine disinfection of drapes. The cornea was incised from 11 o’clock to 12 o’clock along the limbus. 2mm outside the limbus, a vertical lamellar incision from 11:00 to 12:00 1/3-1/2 of the sclera, horizontally separated with a tunnel knife, into the clear cornea, forming a tunnel incision, and penetrated with a puncture knife at 11:30 Anterior chamber, inject viscoelastic. The anterior chamber was punctured at 2 points, and the anterior lens capsule was penetrated. Continuous annular capsulorhexis. Water separation, water layering. Phacoemulsification crystal removal. Aspirate the cortex and polish the anterior capsule. Implantation of intraocular lenses. Perfusion suction to remove residual cortex and viscoelastic agent. Close the conjunctival wound. Subconjunctival injection of hormones and antibiotics. Postoperative routine application of glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory eye drops.
Anesthesia
In the past century or more, retrobulbar anesthesia or peribulbar anesthesia are the main methods of anesthesia for cataract surgery, but some potential complications can still occur, such as retrobulbar hemorrhage, increased intraocular pressure, optic nerve damage, puncture of the eyeball, Anesthesia drugs are mistakenly injected into the brain, causing life-threatening and so on. Both retrobulbar anesthesia and peribulbar anesthesia take a long time to produce anesthesia, and the patient is painful when injected. Today, a new form of anesthesia for cataract surgery has been born.
In recent years, phacoemulsification is gradually being accepted as new technology. This method makes the operation safer and avoids many complications of retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia; there is almost no pain (feeling around the eyes) after topical anesthesia, which reduces the patient’s pain and the resulting fear, and enhances the patients are confident in the operation, and the indications of the general condition of the surgical patients are broadened, especially for the elderly patients with systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases; in addition, the method also has the characteristics of mild postoperative reaction and rapid recovery of vision. However, this surgical method requires high technical requirements and requires close cooperation between doctors and patients to complete the operation.
Surgical mistakes
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Three misunderstandings of surgical treatment
A cataract is a common eye disease, if not treated early, it is likely to lead to serious consequences of blindness. Therefore, early cataract treatment is very important. The best way to treat a cataract is through cataract surgery. However, there are still many people who have three major misunderstandings about cataract surgery. Today, I will introduce them to you:
1. Some cataract patients are told to “wait until they can’t see the surgery”, so they wait patiently and do not go to the hospital for regular check-ups. As a result of suffering from other eye diseases do not know, such as chronic angle-closure glaucoma, macular degeneration, fundus, vitreous hemorrhage, and so on.
When the vision is severely impaired, the above-mentioned diseases have developed to a relatively serious level, and the best time for treatment has been missed. In this case, even if surgery is performed, satisfactory vision cannot be restored.
2. The traditional concept in the past believed that surgery could only be done after the cataract matured. This is especially cruel for patients with cataracts in both eyes because these patients have to wait for a long time in the hazy world to regain their light. They lost many job opportunities and joy in life.
With the development of modern medicine, ophthalmic microsurgery has become very mature and common. Modern extracapsular cataract extraction and phacoemulsification technology can make immature cataracts obtain a good therapeutic effect. Therefore, to improve the quality of life, cataract patients can receive surgery when they feel that the visual impairment has affected their normal work or life, and do not have to wait until the cataract matures.
3. Cataracts often occur unknowingly and develop slowly. Many elderly people think that when they see distant objects as clearly as before, they think they are “blindfolded” and do not go to the hospital for examination.
